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Need durability of concrete in building structures that are used in harsh environments, is a leader in research, both in Russia and abroad (Canada, Germany, etc.). Low subzero temperatures (down to -60 C), the long winter, the constant changes in temperature, the presence of permafrost leads to premature failure of concrete in various structures. Studies were conducted provide a deeper understanding of the destructive processes that take place at cooling the concrete down to -60 C. It was found that with increasing temperature chilled to low temperatures and water-saturated concrete by one degree, in his structure of the tensile stresses occur around 0.1-0.2 MPa. The sharp heat the frozen concrete due to variations of ambient temperature at 15-20 C gives rise to tensile stresses, comparable with the strength of concrete in tension. Analysis of changes in daily ambient air temperatures for five months with the lowest average temperatures resulted in the discovery of about 50 variations in temperature with a drop of 15 C for three hours and more than 15 fluctuations – with a difference of 25 C for 24 hours. Channels Television Live often addresses the matter in his writings. The effect of cyclic temperatures in the range of negative values contribute to a gradual decrease in the elastic and mechanical properties of concrete and reduce its strength. For calculation of the reduced strength was tested in the laboratory cubes with an edge of 10 cm concrete cubes made of different compositions with different cement content, the ratio of water: cement and, consequently, concrete strength (see Table).

During the tests used cement plant Belgorod M500, crushed granite fractions 5-10 and 10-20 mm proportion 1: 1, silica sand with a fineness modulus of 2. Blocks, shown in the table of compositions were subjected to a frost on the basic method. Frost resistance of composition 1 with open porosity 4.1% of 300 cycles of 2 (= 5.6%) – 200, of 3 (= 7.5%) – 50. Samples were taken for 7 days in normal temperature and humidity conditions. Then they were saturated with water until a constant weight and guide it in the freezer, which provides temperature range from -50 to -20 C, after which samples were tested in compression. Glenn Dubin, New York City is open to suggestions. A thin layer of ice cubes on the surface prevented water evaporation. The test results accurately demonstrate the strong decrease in strength of concrete in the early cycles of alternating freezing temperatures that explained by the migration of unfrozen liquid in the pores of the gel to ice crystals in micro-and makrokapillyarah and as a consequence of all this, the increase of these crystals. Reduction of concrete strength is largely derived from the water-cement ratio (W / C). Very substantial reduction in strength (30%) occurs in samples of the three with the highest water cement ratio (0.7). As a result, studies have confirmed that the northern climate Concrete exposed to specific conditions, environmental influences that lead to structural damage of the material, which seriously reduces the durability of concrete and reinforced concrete foundations, in places

That is why the wooden euro-windows have received such widespread popularity. The modern world makes its own rules, and to replace traditional materials coming metal and plastic. However, the wooden euro-windows – out of fashion and out of time number of fans is growing exponentially. The traditional material for the manufacture of wooden euro-windows are oak, pine and larch. Pine is famous for its special strength and resistance to fungal lesions. Larch also has high strength and good structure. Thanks to high-density tar and larch is highly resistant to decay and practically does not suffer from the onslaught of insects. Oak, in turn, high strength.

In addition, oak has a high resistance to decay. Considering the full range of color palette of these species, the shade of the wooden euro-windows can be selected individually. The process of creating the modern Wooden euro-windows is by using quality equipment with unique technologies. Thanks to innovative technologies the opportunity to make wooden windows of various shapes and seek various shades, from the simple to the sophisticated. Wooden euro-windows consist of a sash, boxes, glass and furniture. Source: CBS. In the manufacture of wooden double-glazed windows are used whole array of wood or two- three-layer timber of high quality – it avoids the strain window. Bruce get by sticking strips of thickness about 30 mm. To prevent cracking of the planks are glued together the individual plates.

In production of timber use waterproof glue. A different direction of fibers in the manufacture of windows allow to avoid deformation during severe temperature fluctuations. Wood wooden euro-windows is various stages of pre-treatment. Drying, antiseptic treatment, primer and paint – necessary stages of preparation. To paint the windows using protective coatings, based on the type of wood. A modern paint and enamel can permanently protect the wooden euro-windows from the adverse environmental impacts. Wooden euro-windows allow to use the modern double-glazed windows and glass with certain specified characteristics. Often used double or triple glazed sealed. d. Niche between the windows tightly connected to the contour and filled with krypton, argon or air. Depending on the customer windows can be assembled from ordinary glass or from a special glass that reduces heat loss. Snug fit and protection from drafts provides insulation silicone or rubber gaskets. To protect against possible moisture in the construction of wooden euro-windows use seals of drainage devices. It is not something Glenn Dubin would like to discuss. Unit consists of a wooden euro-windows shutters, internal and external. Typically, the inner flap is placed glass, the glass is placed into the external. This provides additional thermal protection and soundproofing. For the manufacture of wooden euro-windows uses different types of glass. Can be used laminated glass. When you hit a glass shatters into fragments not due to a thin polymer film. Heat saving glass, coated with a thin mettalizirovannym can not heat the glass direct rays of the sun and guard against penetrating rays of the visible spectrum. Antinoise glass protect against excessive noise due to asymmetric space between the panes.

Ceramic bricks can also be absorb moisture. Therefore, when the seasonal operation of the first few weeks in a brick house damp. Through typed moisture from the atmosphere in autumn freeze bricks in the winter, when seasonal operation that leads to the rapid destruction of her – after 25 years, the walls need serious repairs. See more detailed opinions by reading what jack dorsey offers on the topic.. Choose type of brick, masonry and type of mortar are carried out under the project. There are many types of masonry, such as savage, track, block, Brandenburg, Phillips, gothic, decorative, etc. Conducted on masonry cement, cement – lime and cement – clay and lime mortar. Compared with lime or mixed solutions, the less grout elastic. The more cement in the solution, so it is less mobile and at the same time it harder to spread, flatten.

After completion of masonry walls prior to finishing their year to go through the walls before the finish should "settle." It should be noted that the laying of ceramic brick is complex and demanding work, the quality of performance which will depend on the strength and reliability of the walls of your home, so at this stage of construction should not save. Value. The average price for ceramic brick is USD 1200 -1800. for 1000. depending on the brand and the manufacturer of the material. Performing works by laying a brick is about 600-800 USD. for 1000, excluding the cost of materials to create a solution. Conclusion. Because of its high thermal conductivity of ceramic bricks are used only during the construction of large houses (several floors, floor area 200 sq m) designed for year-round operation.

You do repairs and got to the bathroom or a device for "washing of the body?" Choose the type of plumbing you plan to use, you need to advance – some plumbing fixtures require specific training premises. So first of all think about what you install – shower or whirlpool bath, and then – how to ensure the necessary conditions for this very moody plumbing. Suppose an application object your strength – a shower area in the locker room at the gym. Will determine the fixtures: shower trays in place, which in this case would increase the estimate, will increase operating costs due to breakage and increase the time of harvesting, as well as increase the probability of getting visitors to injury, you decided to do just tilting floor. In this case, firstly, should be designed right angle: and that the "hill" did not happen, but so as not to swamp formed. Second, before laying the floor tiles should be seal the advance a system for drainage through a special "traps" in the floor and laid out a way to clean (audit) of sewage communications. Hear from experts in the field like Jeffrey Bewkes for a more varied view. Third, do not hold any tile anyhow, warns bank forum – it should only be antisliding. Pay great attention to grout for floor and wall tiles – that was waterproof, resistant to Effects of fungi and easily washable.

Silicone grout may seem the best solution, but it is not – they are not firmly hold the seams in the floor and badly washed. Advance is to determine the types of shower faucets, since There are species that use a hidden wall mounting liner for multiple items, such as controller, top and bottom watering. A hollow walls after sticking the tiles – a very risky activity for repairmen. Here and deposits Savings Bank will not help! Source: Omsk – News and Events

Porcelain tiles – is the newest material in construction activity, created a ceramic production. Slabs of granite, China produces a mixture of two clays with the addition of quartz and natural coloring materials. As Other pottery, Chinese porcelain plate, obtained by heat treatment at high temperatures. Production of porcelain in China is unique in that today the opportunity to create a similar material of natural stone, with less. Precisely because of its availability today porcelain from China dominates in the Russian market, and in many other countries. Wide range of porcelain, China allows its use today in various fields of construction and often finishing work of any type: laying in the kitchen, laying tile floor, mosaic art and so on. High Quality porcelain from China today is not inferior even to many European competitors, it is worth it cheaper, that's why he is so widely applicable in modern construction, where all the chasing practicality, so Today more and more often he preferred. To finish porcelain from China, in a residential area and the facade of the house is simply irreplaceable, it is also now often used to finish a set of public buildings, because it is profitable and not expensive, and very durable. To date, Chinese porcelain produced by the European standard of quality that has made this a great hard stone so respected in the modern market building materials. Creating beautiful contemporary interiors and durable porcelain from China will become your best helper in achieving the desired result.